flowers + panadole

well hello and hi again.
i am back.
cut to the point. today, this post is about panadole and flowers.

if you are still able to remember about ms deepa talking about the flowers and what happens when panadole is dropped into it? yeah this is what this post is about.

my mother bought some lilies a few days ago (weeks would be better) and instead of putting panadole, she placed fever medicine and i do not think it really worked as the petals turned brown/black even before they even open. so i guess it does not really work that well.

my mother guessed that the lilies are from a different breed and thus, the result is like that.

DONT KNOW.

I guess there is something wrong with my computer and i cannot upload the pictures i took but i took this form the internet it is something like this but imagine it brown.sorry.

the flowers are more like the bottem left but brown.

respiration

respiration involves a chemical reaction.
the process of respiration is

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + energy + water

glucose -> from food
oxygen -> inhale
carbon dioxide + energy + water -> exhale

respiration happens in the mitochondrion
(my-to-con-dria)

animals that contains chloroplast.

it seems that slugs have chloroplast in their body. they do not make their own food but they still eat. as to how they get the chloroplast in their body, the slugs feed on algea which chloroplast are derived. sea slugs are also included.

are viruses / bacteria cells?

this post is on bacteria. the other one was on viruses.

bacteria on the other hand is a single-celled organism.

a group of bacteria contains chlorophyll and use the process of photosynthesis to make their own food.
some bacteria are aerobic, meaning that they require oxygen in order to
survive.
Other bacteria are anaerobes, meaning that they do not require oxygen to survive.

Bacteria that are parasites live inside man, animals, and some plants causing diseases.
Symptoms for disease caused by the toxins that bacteria produce inside the cells.

Bacteria is moved by air and water currents, and on any surface such as clothing, hands, or any object.
They move themselves by using thin hair-like structures called flagella or by wriggling if they do not have a flagella.

There are three ways to identify bacteria; gram stain, respiration, and shape.
Most bacteria reproduce asexually. That means that new cells are formed during single cell division. Some bacteria can only reproduce sexually, with a male and female bacteria.

Bacteria are decomposers, they break down the chemical elements inside other living or dead organisms.

bacteria growth. cannot find something else other than bacteria growth.



http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0212089/bac.htm

are bacteria / viruses cells?

the answer is...
nope

Because viruses are non-living things and so they do not need for food like living things. They are just light particles that float around the air and they cannot be seen by the naked eye and they can be passed on to other organism if touched. They attack healthy cells in living things. Viruses do not have an organized cell structure.They do not have characteristics of living things and thus, cannot metabolize food.

To metabolize means to change food energy into chemical energy that the body can use.

The virus injects its own DNA structure into healthy cells where new virus cells grow.

note that i am talking about viruses instead of bacteria.

Viruses that are mature have characteristics that help to identify them.

Viruses can not reproduce by themselves like bacteria or cells. They must attach themselves to the cell membrane of animals / cell wall of plants and inject a part of their DNA into the cells of the host organism.They do this by using a hollow tube structure to puncture the cell wall/membrane and pass its DNA into the cell. New virus cells are incubated inside the invaded cell. Once the virus DNA reproduces itself inside the cell, it uses the natural process of osmosis to leave the cell. These new virus cells would then attach and infect other healthy cells

just another video showing how viruses spread but this is the
Influenza Type-A Virus



http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0212089/virus.htm

biology

ok, i should have introduced biology on the first day of biology class.
anyway, i don't think anyone would be reading because we have a project on hand and the 10% is not this but
the project but i just post it for the fun of it but that would officially start on the next post later on in the day which is later.

coke and mentos

sorry for the late post on my group's coke and mentos.haven't been using computer recently.

my group members: sarah,janelle,rachel, me

hypothesis:the more the amount of mentos, the higher the height of the mentos that shoots out.

result: GREAT!!!

things that went wrong:the mentos were stuck in the bottle so it won't come out and the disered ampunt of mentos that we wanted to put in was unfortunately changed.

such a pity for this picture below.could have taken the full photo but it all happened too fast for me to capture it. but i still love it.

this is the last picture of the whole collection.

actually, i took a lot more but it is redundant to show anyway so these are the few good pictures.hope you all like it and sorry for the late posting of it.
XD

frankly speaking, i don't know which of the follow is my group's photo so to my fellow group mates, sorry.if you want our group's photo, go see janelle's blog.(<-click there)

DIET coke and mentos only.

wow!!!!!!!!!!
this video is so cool!
it seems as if they were holding a fountain parade. XD
but they tried the experiment a lot of times in order to achieve the result.
sorry if it did not show you why or how it actually works.
as in how the mentos reacts with the coke.
if you want to see, go rachel's blog.
it is showcased there.


_ENJOYENJOY^ENJOY

paper chromatography

this is another video by me today.

This is the first one. The bottom one is the rectangle chromatography paper. Some parts of it is fast-forward so it may look very wierd. And the liquid that is poured into the tube is not water but ethonal . they did draw the line but they used permarnent marker instead of pencil and thus, don't need to add the ink. the colours that is shown is unlike ours which is like 1 line but theirs filled up the whole paper and the colours are totally different from the start. o.o^lll


_ENJOYENJOY^ENJOY

lab safety rules

this is just a short clip about lab safety and what would happen to you if you do not follow it. (if you could consider it short) maybe you can really hear this first clip well so i posted a new one which is bellow.

i just realised that all the videos are all black and white. 0(>.<)0

seperating mixtures

how to seperature sand from a mixture?

-> actually it depends on what the mixture is. if it were sand and water, we could just use a filration paper or just boil the water till the water evaporated, leaving only the sand behind.

or another example is separating sand from a mixture dirt.Take 100 ml beaker, pour the mixture, and stir with a stirring rod 10- 15 minutes. Once done, let the beaker to stand for 20-30 minutes. as time goes you will see the different layer in the beaker with sand at the bottom of beaker as it is heavier than dirt and then a layer of dirt on it.

iron + mixture?

-> you can use a strong magnet to attract the iron as the iron is magnetic.

solid + mixture?
-> 4 methods are commonly used for seperating mixtures from solids.

1.filtering

2.evaporating

3.crystallizing
4.Centrifuging

This is evaporation .

for the rest so sorry, can't find pictures.

air + mixture

->lets say that the mixture is water. in this case, we are able to use a separating funnel as petrol which acts like oil, floats on water.

sorry for the drip drop information. can't find anything about it. o-O

elements part 3

i have found other types of periodic table. there are circular table and helical tables that is better than the mundane rectangle-ish table. i wonder how they group the elements. i think it is the same. anyway, this is the circular periodic table.

this is the helical table. i personally dislike this table as it is very messy.i think that the rectangle periodic table really helps us to understand better as i think we are more acostomed to the rectangle table.

oh this is the chinese periodic rable. each letter represents an element.

continue from elements

these questions could be found on the academic portal, at the announcements.

1.Is the version of the Periodic Table we're using the ONLY version?
Ans: there should be more than 1 type of periodic table as maybe some people do not know how to speak, for instance, english, so it would come in many language, but maybe that is not the main point. there should be other ways of grouping the elements in the table. but maybe as years progresses, the periodic table might expand and who knows, maybe somebody great would again simplify the table? but again, there would be a lot more new elements that would be added into the periodic table and there might be chance that the table would not be simplified but instead, become larger?? :)
2.How do scientist in other parts of the world come to a common understanding about the elements?
Ans:wow! that is a very difficult question to answer. it seems that maybe scientist just find the elements by themselves and maybe get together to provide their findings? or maybe, one scientist tell other scientist as you/we cannot work alone.as the saying goes, no man is an island, so they discuss with each other and the message goes on and on....that is just what i think only. arghhh.can't find but this should be it.

elements song

this is the link for the elements song:
http://www.privatehand.com/flash/elements7.swf

if you want to know what is the first 20 elements of the periodic table, read on. frankly speaking, i find the names too ridiculous to believe. it sounds too alien and majority of the names are like too impossible to pronounce. ireally wonder how the man who sung the song was able to pronounce the words and sang them in estimated one breath.

if i am not wrong, this should be the first 20.
1.hydrogen (H)
2.helium (He)
3.lithium (Li)
4.beryllium (Be)
5.boron (B)
6.carbon (C)
7.nitrogen (N)
8.oxygen (O)
9.fluorine (F)
10.neon (Ne)
11.sodium (Na)
12.magnesium (Mg)
13.aluminium (Al)
14.silicon (Si)
15.phosphorus (P)
16. sulphur (S)
17.chlorine (CI)
18.argon (Ar)
19.potassium (K)
20.calcium (Ca)

link for the lyrics:
http://www.ncl.ox.ac.uk/talkweb/elements.html
gosh, it sounds so funny!

just to show you the periodic table.

disasters

Can we stop disasters from happening?
Supposing the answer from me would be no and maybe on second thoughts yes.

Examples of we can't stop disasters from happening:
1.hurricane
2.typhoon
3.tornado
4.flood

Examples of we can stop disasters from happening:
1.soil erosion(cutting of trees)
2.burning of forest(haze that were caused by people)
on third thoughts, the second examples of we can stop disasters from happening. Maybe there are not even diasaters at all except no.1 that said soil erosion...maybe.

~excess~wow! published so many post today! so tired so i hope you would have fun with it! chaosss.

if i were to built a building.

If I were to build an even taller building, what materials will I choose and why. Frankly speaking, I never want to be an engineer. I would rather be an architect but anyway, back to the topic. I would have to consider where I want the building to be build at and the space limited, the climate. But lets assume the climate is good, there are plenty of space etc but all in good condition. I would use steel, cement, bricks, maybe a little of wood. I would want the building to be strong, and long-lasting, but of course pleasant to the eyes too!

materials used to build tall buildings

The materials used for the structural system of high-rise buildings are reinforced concrete and steel. Most American style skyscrapers have a steel frame, while residential tower blocks are usually constructed out of concrete.

reinforced concrete: concrete in which reinforcement bars or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen the material that would otherwise be brittle.

Why are these materials suitable?(steel and concrete)
Steel and concrete must always be together when building tall buildings as when building, the steel they use are normally hollow so in order to make the steel stronger, concrete is used to fill in the hole. After which, the concrete would harden and thus, making the object stronger and more durable. Steel and concrete are hard, strong, durable. They are able to withstand the weight of the building.
So i assume that the foundation of the building is heavier? Because the building must have the support.

Would you use the same materials to build other buildings?
I think that majority of the buildings that were built were made with steel and concrete so they would stay still at all cost. However, in Japan due to the earthquake that happen regularly there, the houses are made of wood so when it tumbles, the impact would not be so great. It depends on the environment and the weather etc. If there are terrible disasters going on there, the best material should be wood, but strong wood.

Before Sep 11, 2001 incident, how was the World Trade Centre being viewed? A mighty building that cannot be destroyed?
Instead of having the same building structures as the other buildings that were built before,it had a load-bearing perimeter steel columns called Vierendeel trusses that were spaced closely together to form a strong, rigid wall structure, supporting virtually all lateral loads such as wind loads, and sharing the gravity load with the core columns and thus, making it stronger than other buildings. Although it was one of the most well-known buildings, it had criticisms as well. A small group of business were affected and many residents, tenants etc resisted force relocation of the center as well.

bio hazardous and toxic

Definition of bio hazardous:
an organism or substance derived from an organism that pose threat to human health or animals.

Definition of toxic:
It is a poisonous substance produced by living cells or organism.

my thoughts:
i think it is almost the same as toxic is included as one of the category for bio hazardous. Both poses a threat towards human or animal. It is also a substance derived from an organism.

i have looked at joyi's blog and she stated that toxic would cause people lives but biohazardous do not harm people.

Alaska volcano Mt Redoubt

Mt Redoubt
Alaska's Mount Redoubt volcano erupted five times overnight, sending an ash plume more than 9 miles into the air in the volcano's first emissions in nearly 20 years. Residents in the state's largest city were spared from falling ash, though fine gray dust fell Monday morning on small communities north of Anchorage.
Ash from Alaska's volcanos is like a rock fragment with jagged edges and has been used as an industrial abrasive. It can injure skin, eyes and breathing passages. The young, the elderly and people with respiratory problems are especially susceptible to ash-related health problems. Ash can also cause damage engines in planes, cars and other vehicles.
The first eruption, in a sparsely populated area across Cook Inlet from the Kenai Peninsula, occurred at 10:38 p.m. Sunday and the fifth happened at 4:30 a.m. Monday, according to the Alaska Volcano Observatory.
The past eruptions of Redoubt indicate the volcano could erupt again in the next few days or weeks. It is something we need to be prepared for.

tallest building in Singapore

Tallest building
In Singapore, 3 buildings share the same name for the tallest building in Singapore, namely UOB Plaza One, Republic Plaza and UOB Centre. These 3 buildings are 280m in height. Can you imagine how tall is that? The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore only permits the building to be built up to a maximum height of 280m due to aviation reasons. As technology is slowly improving, maybe there would be a higher building in the future!!

Tallest hotel in Singapore.
The tallest hotel in Singapore is the Swissotel. There are 1,261 guestrooms and luxury suits with 16 bars,restuarants etc. You are able to enjoy a paranomic view os Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia from Southeast Asia's tallest hotel. As there are limited spaces in Singapore, the hotel can only be built upward and not sideways.



Tallest building in the world

The tallest building till now is Burj Dubai. It is 818m in height and has 160 floors. Burj Dubai is normally compared to other buildings and the difference betweent the second tallest and Burj Dubai is around 200m. Imagine the difference! It sure must have a strong foundation. Sometimes i don't understand why the contracters must build the building till so high.

chemistry

Just today, our new teacher, miss liang gave us an introduction to chemistry. not the chemistry between people but the science chemistry. often, people may say chemistry as chim-mystery *[laughs]* actually, chemistry is just a umbrella for many individual subjects. but we are going to focus on only one main point- organic. for that we will learn the periodic table etc. most importantly, we will have hands on yeah....

equilibrium overview

In thermal equilibrium, the pressure,temperatures and chemical potentials are the same.
Thermal EQUILIBRIUM
It is observed that a higher temperature object which is in contact with a lower temperature object will transfer heat to the lower temperature object. The objects will approach the same temperature and i the absence of loss to other objects, they will then mantain a constant temperature. They are then said to be in thermal equilibrium.
Static EQUILIBRIUM
It is such as there is a force acting on it but the object still remains stationary. The conditions for achieveing a static equilibrium is that the some of forces acting on it must equal 0 and the sum of torques must remain 0 as well.
Dynamic EQUILIBRIUM
The amount of material in each condition (or state) remains the same but the process of change from one state to the other continues. Solid material continues to dissolve, and material that is in solution continues to crystallize. Dissolution and crystallization are occurring at the same rate. There is a balance between those two opposite reactions, and we call that kind of balance a dynamic equilibrium.Equilibrium because there is a balance, dynamic because there are changes taking place.


http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/thermo/thereq.html
http://www.rwc.uc.edu/koehler/biophys/2h.html
http://dl.clackamas.edu/ch105-03/dynamic.htm
stella~~end~.~

9 March 09

D E N S I T Y O F I C E V S W A T E R
----->>which is denser?
Ans: Obviously water. Ice floats on water and this verifies that water is denser than ice. If ice is denser than water which is NO of course, i think you would see water floating on ice which is like HOW??

close up on a water moleclue
----->>why is it more painful to throw ice cubes instead of water?
Ans:In water, there are always water molecules-without fail-that has a positively charged side and a negatively charged side and like a magnet,it would stuck to each other in a regular pattern that forms a hexagon (six-sided figure.And thus, in ice, the molecules are more 'together' as compared to water which is loosely attracted as they are not frozen-in that sense that the molecules are not frozen which (the shape) is made permanent.Thus, when the molecules is frozen, it becomes hard as compared to water where they are not given a definite shape.

----->>whether water level changes or not when ice is melted in a cup of drink.
Ans:(ACCORDING TO RESEARCH), the water level does not rise as when ice is melted, it takes less volume in the glass.
Personally: I think what they meant in this case is only a small amount of ice but when i put ice in the cup and leave it for a while,you can see a layer of water (in this case the liquid i use is coke)on it. But i thought that the water level increased.Maybe it is due to some evaporation that occured.

----->>effects in boiling point and freezing point/effects of impurities on water Ans:Defination of impurities first:it is the substances inside a confined amount of solid, liquid, gas.melting point decreases with pressure and increases with impurities(eg.sawdust).boiling point increases with impurities and also increases with pressure.

----->>examples of impurities
Ans:ash,debris in metal,leaf pieces in paper,alloys

CREDITS
http://www.exploratorium.edu/ronh/cool_experiments/index.html
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_effects_of_impurities_in_boiling_and_freezing_point
E N D

case task

The first group that was presenting their case study was...seow hwee and her group mates. It was somthing about how the narrator's lime juice decreased in volume after an afternoon under the hot sun.
Thought that they explained thoroughly and the most important clearly-which was good/extra good.

The second group was about uncle Tom's milk and a little bit of one of the factor, the freezing point of the milk.
The freezing point may be considedered as one of the most important factor when solving this type of question as the temperature may differ.Don't want to go into further details about it as it would be quite wordy.Some advantages and disadvantage is that some slides are too wordy but at least they try to input some fun and they are loud and each slide is enriching.

TheT H I R Dgroup was my group and i thought that it was quite good...hahaha:]Hope we did good! Ms Cynthia also brought up interesting facts like why people put salt on the road during cold weather.

i L I K E my GROUP!! haha random..

today...

today,i collected my science results which is like a 'phew' for me but i still have to buck up on my science and other subjects too. :>thank God two weeks down the road would be the school holidays! "relaxation" time-meaning more work to do. my expression:

cries
hApPy/bU hUU
really can't wait for the holidays to come!

temperature vs heat

It is just a recap about it in case you don't remember-the difference...maybe.

:)just to let you know more in a cute sort of way.

THERMAL PHYSICS

It is stated from a source that thermal physics is like an 'umbrella' for covering 3 other subjects, and the 3 topics are thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and kinetic theory, and soooo, how does thermal physics is in relation to heat and temperature ?
Other than heat and temperature-which is in relation to heat related subjects ,what other heat relation subjects are there?
These are some questions I don't know yet as it sound too profound or maybe i haven't learnt anything about it yet.

something to do with density

I'm not sure whether it is related to density but i found it rather interesting to watch.

The gas is called sulfur hexafluoride and it is denser than the surrounding air.

Hope you like it.>_<

center of gravity in pendulum bob

Well, for this question,i did some research but it was futile in the end but i got a rough idea where the gravity is through the pictures i came across.The gravity in the pendulum is located in the middle of the bob. The reason should be that if the gravity is located in the middle of the bob, there would be equal amount of gravitational force acting on it.

As you can see from this animation, the velocity [V] and the acceleration vectors [A] is all acting on the middle of the pendulum.So as to conclude, the location of the gravity of the pendulum is in the middle of the bob.

Another question that was asked was where is the center of gravity when the plasticine is placed on top of it or wrapped around it.The center of gravity in this case is still the same as the pendulum did not changed but only one variable is added which is the plasticine.The center of gravity would still be the same apart from the amount of gravity as it would be heavier and thus, maybe more gravity acting/applied on it.

Archimedes of Syracuse

Full name : Archimedes of Syracuse

Birth : c. 287BC

Death : c. 212 BC

Birth and death place : Syracuse, Sicily, Magna Graecia

Main Interest : mathematics, physic, engineering, astronomy, invention

WHAT HE FOUND OUT:

1.The Archimedes Screw. Archimedes had invented / found out the screw which is normally used to transfer water.

2. The claw of Archimede

3.The Archimedes Heat Ray

4.Levers

5. Improving the power and accuracy of a caltapult

6.Used the method of exhaustion to find out the approximate value of TT

*ARCHIMEDES THE FOUNDER OF MANY THINGS*

this is one other thing he found out but i don't know what it is called.

GOLD or PLATINUM which is denser?

Today in school, Mr Lim thinks that GOLD is the densest of all but in the table in our school's textbooks states that platinum is denser than gold but he still thinks that gold is still denser.After much research, I still found out that platinum is heavier than gold and the heavier it is, the denser it would be. So what exactly is the answer-which is denser? Platinum or gold?

Platinum is usually 24 karat, which is 100% gold while Gold is only 18 karat, which is 75% gold and that proves that platinum is truly heavier than gold. It is also stated that platinum is an extremely rare metal which is 60% heavier than gold.

So..I assume that Mr Lim is wrong in the sense that saying gold is denser than platinum.
No worries! d:) everybody makes MISTAKES!

References:
http://www.firenzejewels.com/white-gold-vs-platinum.html

QUESTION that was asked

The question that was asked was whether an object of 1N would stop when a force of 1N acted on it at the end of the path.

The answer should be NO as an object cannot stop abruptly when a force is acting on it. Example:You are running at a high speed.Another person is at the end of the road waiting to stop you with the same force which was produced by the person who push you.You would obviously slow down to a halt when you a forced to stop - you can't immediately stop right?

why is gravity stronger on the NORTH POLE?

NORTH POLE

The earth is slightly flattened at the poles, the poles are a bit closer to the center of the earth than land on the equator, so the earth is not circle but sphere.Due to this reasoning, the North pole and South pole is closer to the core and the other lands are a bit further.The South pole is in Antarctica which is a very high plateau.So the gravity there would be less as compared to that in the North pole. The Earth is slightly flattened at the the North pole, which is in the middle of a deep ocean.The South pole is a continental which tends to be about 50km thick, while the North pole tends to be about 3 km thick.

Reference:

http://www.funtrivia.com/askft/Question22083.html

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070726222930AAUa3Hd=20070726222930AAUa3Hd

how to get out of quicksand

Continual from quicksand:

How to get out of quicksand.

1. Drop everything-your body is less dense than quicksand.you would sink if you are weighed down by something heavy.Take off your back bag, shoes,etc ^{anything heavy} .
2. Relax-your body's buoyancy will cause you to float.Do not struggle or panic.
3. Breathe deeply-it would calm you and it would make you more buoyant.Keep as much air as possible it would be more difficult to sink , you would "float".
4. Get on your back-the more you spread your weight, the harder it will be to sink.Once your legs are free, slowly propel yourself to land or if you are near the land, roll yourself.
5. Take your time-frantic movements will only loosen the sand. Quicksand can react unpredictably to your movements and if you move slowly, you can stop an adverse reaction.
6. Get plenty of rest-be sure to take breaks and float on your back to prevent you from exhaustion.

Always bring a long stick with you when on this types of trips.Unknowingly, you even might find it useful!

terminal velocity

A falling object achieves its terminal velocity when the downward force of gravity (Fg) equals the upward force of drag (Fd).

As the object accelerates (usually downwards due to gravity), the drag force acting on the object increases. At a particular speed, the drag force produced will equal the object's weight (mg). Eventually, it plummets at a constant speed called terminal velocity (also called settling velocity). Terminal velocity varies directly with the ratio of drag to weight. More drag means a lower terminal velocity, while increased weight means a higher terminal velocity. An object moving downward with greater than terminal velocity (for example because it was affected by a downward force or it fell from a thinner part of the atmosphere or it changed shape) will slow until it reaches terminal velocity

To better understand this,terminal velocity is also called instantanous speed / speed at any point of time.

Feel free to correct me about this. Not too sure

Standard deviation

This is related to the average question.If taking the average is good enough, what about STANDARD DEVIATION?

The concept of standard Deviation is more difficult or complicated than other types of concepts.*FROM ALL THE CONCEPTS I KNOW* At this age, we would never use the words, standard deviation but that doesn't mean that we do not try to understand the concept behind it.

In order to understand this concept,we would first learn about what scientist call normal distribution of data.

It means that most examples in a data are close to average while some examples tends to be extreme.

Example: you are writing a report on nutrition and you need to look at people's daily calorie consumption. Like most data, the numbers for people's typical consumption will turn out to be normally distributed-close to mean while fewer people would tend to overeat or eat less than the mean.

Why is this useful? Here's an example: If you are comparing test scores for different schools, the standard deviation will tell you how diverse the test scores are for each school.

Let's say Springfield Elementary has a higher mean test score than Shelbyville Elementary. Your first reaction might be to say that the kids at Springfield are smarter.

But a bigger standard deviation for one school tells you that there are relatively more kids at that school scoring toward one extreme or the other. By asking a few follow-up questions you might find that, say, Springfield's mean was skewed up because the school district sends all of the gifted education kids to Springfield. Or that Shelbyville's scores were dragged down because students who recently have been "mainstreamed" from special education classes have all been sent to Shelbyville.

austronauts

How go astronauts go the bathroom in space?

In the toilet, there is still no gravity so, crew member must use foot restraints, a seat belt and handholds to remain seated.The toilet has a fan that draws solid wastes to a compartment where they are dried and disinfected.
Early spacecraft used diapers and disposable bags for astronaut elimination while astronauts in spacesuits of today, uses diapers.Solid wastes are compressed and stored on-board, and then removed after landing.
Waste water is vented to space, although future systems may recycle it and the air is filtered to remove odor and bacteria.
Astronauts brush their teeth just like they do on Earth. There is no shower on the Shuttle, so astronauts must make do with sponge baths until they return home.
The urine collection system was also improved. A newer type of fan system is being used to force the urine to a holding tank where it is periodically ejected into space, where it vaporizes.
Wow! I never thought that leaving in a spacecraft could be that interesting.It would be my wishful part of thinking if I could ever try this out on land.Even if there is, I think I have to travel all the way round the Earth just to try it.Perhaps eventually I might have a chance!
^{me and my astronauts}

principle of moment

Torque is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis(or fulcrum or pivot). Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist.
The symbol for torque is τ.
Torque is also called moment or moment of force. This should neither be confused with the various other definitions of "moment" in physics nor with "momentum".
In the context of mechanical engineering, the terms "moment" and "torque" are not necessarily interchangeable; rather, one or the other may be preferred in a specific context.
For example, "torque" is usually used to describe a rotational force down a shaft, for example a turning screw-driver, whereas "moment" is more often used to describe a bending force on a beam.

Frankly speaking, I still don't know what is the principle of moment but I think I get a brief idea of what it is about.

More on : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque